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caldera - перевод на французский
![Aniakchak]]-caldera, Alaska](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aniakchak-caldera alaska.jpg?width=200 "Aniakchak]]-caldera, Alaska")
![''Caldeira do Faial'' on the [[Caldeira Volcano]], [[Faial Island]], [[Azores]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Caldeira Faial ca 580 m.ü.NN. Kesselboden.JPG?width=200 "''Caldeira do Faial'' on the [[Caldeira Volcano]], [[Faial Island]], [[Azores]]")
![[[Crater Lake]], Oregon, formed around 5,680 BC](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crater lake oregon.jpg?width=200 "[[Crater Lake]], Oregon, formed around 5,680 BC")
![Galápagos]] [[archipelago]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/La Cumbre - ISS.JPG?width=200 "Galápagos]] [[archipelago]]")
![Lake Taupo]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lake taupo landsat.jpg?width=200 "Lake Taupo]]")
![[[Mount Mazama]]'s eruption timeline, an example of caldera formation](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mount Mazama eruption timeline.PNG?width=200 "[[Mount Mazama]]'s eruption timeline, an example of caldera formation")
![Nemrut Caldera]], Van Lake, Eastern Turkey](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nemrut Caldera aerial.jpg?width=200 "Nemrut Caldera]], Van Lake, Eastern Turkey")
![[[Mount Pinatubo]], Philippines](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pinatubo92pinatubo caldera crater lake.jpg?width=200 "[[Mount Pinatubo]], Philippines")
![aerial spinning view]] over [[Santorini]], Greece](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Santorini 3D version 1.gif?width=200 "aerial spinning view]] over [[Santorini]], Greece")
![[[Coatepeque Caldera]], El Salvador crater lake](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Teopan.jpg?width=200 "[[Coatepeque Caldera]], El Salvador crater lake")
![[[Landsat]] image of [[Lake Toba]], on the island of [[Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]] (100 km/62 mi long and 30 km/19 mi wide, one of the world's largest calderas). A [[resurgent dome]] formed the island of [[Samosir]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Toba zoom.jpg?width=200 "[[Landsat]] image of [[Lake Toba]], on the island of [[Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]] (100 km/62 mi long and 30 km/19 mi wide, one of the world's largest calderas). A [[resurgent dome]] formed the island of [[Samosir]].")
![Yankicha/Ushishir]], [[Kuril Islands]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yankicha.jpg?width=200 "Yankicha/Ushishir]], [[Kuril Islands]]")
Определение
Википедия
A caldera ( kawl-DERR-ə, kal-) is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcano eruption. When large volumes of magma are erupted over a short time, structural support for the rock above the magma chamber is gone. The ground surface then collapses into the emptied or partially emptied magma chamber, leaving a large depression at the surface (from one to dozens of kilometers in diameter). Although sometimes described as a crater, the feature is actually a type of sinkhole, as it is formed through subsidence and collapse rather than an explosion or impact. Compared to the thousands of volcanic eruptions that occur each century, the formation of a caldera is a rare event, occurring only a few times per century. Only seven caldera-forming collapses are known to have occurred between 1911 and 2016. More recently, a caldera collapse occurred at Kīlauea, Hawaii in 2018.
